Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Work
is a transfer of a. | energy. | c. | mass. | b. | force. | d. | motion. | | | | |
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2.
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What
is transferred by a force moving an object through a distance? a. | force | c. | motion | b. | mass | d. | energy | | | | |
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3.
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The
energy of motion is called a. | kinetic energy. | c. | thermal energy. | b. | potential
energy. | d. | work. | | | | |
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4.
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Why
is the gravitational potential energy of an object 1 meter above the moon’s surface less than
its potential energy 1 meter above Earth’s surface? a. | The
object’s mass is less on the moon. | b. | The object’s weight is more on the
moon. | c. | The object’s acceleration due to gravity is less on the
moon. | d. | both a and c | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following increases when an object becomes warmer? a. | chemical
energy | b. | elastic potential energy | c. | nuclear
energy | d. | thermal energy | | |
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6.
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The
energy stored in gasoline is a. | chemical energy. | c. | mechanical energy. | b. | electromagnetic
energy. | d. | nuclear
energy. | | | | |
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7.
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Walking converts what type of energy into mechanical energy? a. | chemical | c. | nuclear | b. | electromagnetic | d. | thermal | | | | |
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8.
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Nuclear power plants are designed to convert nuclear energy into what type of
energy? a. | chemical | c. | geothermal | b. | electrical | d. | mechanical | | | | |
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9.
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Solar
cells convert what type of energy into electrical energy? a. | chemical | c. | nuclear | b. | electromagnetic | d. | thermal | | | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following statements is true according to the law of conservation of energy? a. | Energy cannot be
created. | b. | Energy cannot be destroyed. | c. | Energy can be
converted from one form to another. | d. | all of the above | | |
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11.
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The
mechanical energy of an object equals its a. | chemical energy plus its nuclear
energy. | b. | kinetic energy plus its potential
energy. | c. | nuclear energy. | d. | thermal
energy. | | |
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Figure
15-1
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12.
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The
kinetic energy of the pendulum bob in Figure 15-1 increases the most between
locations a. | A and
B. | c. | B and
D. | b. | A and
C. | d. | C and
D. | | | | |
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13.
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The
equation E = mc2 relates energy and a. | force. | c. | mass. | b. | gravity. | d. | work. | | | | |
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14.
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What
is biomass energy? a. | the chemical energy stored in living
things | b. | the electromagnetic energy stored in living
things | c. | the nuclear energy stored in living
things | d. | the thermal energy stored in living
things | | |
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15.
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Nonrenewable energy resources do not include which of the following? a. | coal | c. | oil | b. | hydrogen fuel cells | d. | uranium | | | | |
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16.
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Fossil fuels currently account for the majority of the world’s energy use because
they are a. | distributed
evenly throughout the world. | b. | nonpolluting. | c. | relatively
inexpensive and readily available. | d. | renewable energy resources. | | |
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17.
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A
drawback of solar energy is that it a. | cannot be converted directly into electrical
energy. | b. | depends on the climate. | c. | produces water
pollution. | d. | is not a renewable resource. | | |
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18.
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A
benefit of a hydrogen fuel cell is that its byproduct is a. | carbon
dioxide. | c. | water. | b. | oxygen. | d. | uranium. | | | | |
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19.
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Which
of the following types of transportation is NOT mass transportation? a. | bus | c. | streetcar | b. | car | d. | train | | | | |
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20.
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Based
on your knowledge of energy conservation, which of the following statements is true? a. | Manufacturers
can increase a light bulb’s energy efficiency by using technology that increases the amount of
electromagnetic energy the bulb converts from a given amount of electrical
energy. | b. | Energy can be conserved by turning off lights when they are not
in use. | c. | both a and b | d. | neither a nor
b | | |
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21.
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Which
of the following is a unit of temperature? a. | Celsius degree | c. | kilogram | b. | joule | d. | calorie | | | | |
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22.
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Heat
is the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another because of a difference
in a. | specific
heat. | c. | temperature. | b. | phase. | d. | waste heat. | | | | |
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23.
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What
property of an object is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in that
object? a. | specific
heat | c. | conductivity | b. | mass | d. | temperature | | | | |
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24.
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As
the temperature of an object rises, so does the a. | kinetic energy of the object. | b. | mass of the
object. | c. | thermal energy of the object. | d. | potential energy
of the object. | | |
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25.
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Energy from the sun reaches Earth mostly by a. | conduction. | c. | radiation. | b. | convection. | d. | thermal expansion. | | | | |
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26.
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Matter is needed to transfer thermal energy by a. | conduction. | c. | radiation. | b. | convection. | d. | both a and b | | | | |
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Figure
16-1
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27.
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The
vacuum inside the thermos bottle shown in Figure 16-1 stops which type of thermal energy transfer to
keep the liquid hot? a. | convection | c. | radiation | b. | conduction | d. | both a and
b | | | | |
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28.
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Which
of the following materials conducts heat well? a. | glass | c. | metal | b. | plastic | d. | wood | | | | |
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29.
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The
second law of thermodynamics states that thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter
objects a. | by
convection. | c. | spontaneously. | b. | only if work is done on the
system. | d. | when thermal
expansion takes place. | | | | |
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30.
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Which
central heating system involves a furnace and a blower? a. | electric
baseboard | c. | hot-water | b. | forced-air | d. | steam | | | | |
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31.
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In
forced-air heating systems, where are warm-air vents usually located? a. | above
windows | c. | next to cold-air
ducts | b. | near the floor | d. | under radiators | | | | |
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32.
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Which
of the following describes an advantage of radiant heaters? a. | They are
portable. | b. | They can easily be turned on or off. | c. | They direct warm
air to where it is needed. | d. | all of the above | | |
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33.
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A
mechanical wave moves through a medium, which can be a. | a
liquid. | c. | a
gas. | b. | a
solid. | d. | all of the
above | | | | |
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34.
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A
mechanical wave generally does NOT a. | move the medium from one place to
another. | b. | move through a medium. | c. | move through
solids. | d. | disturb the medium. | | |
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35.
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Transverse and longitudinal waves both a. | have
compressions and rarefactions. | b. | transfer energy through a medium. | c. | move at right
angles to the vibration of the medium. | d. | are capable of moving the medium a long
distance. | | |
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36.
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Which
type of mechanical wave needs a source of energy to produce it? a. | a transverse
wave | c. | a surface
wave | b. | a longitudinal
wave | d. | all of the
above | | | | |
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37.
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Which
wave causes the medium to vibrate only in a direction parallel to the wave’s
motion? a. | a transverse
wave | c. | a longitudinal
wave | b. | a surface
wave | d. | none of the
above | | | | |
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38.
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A
disturbance sends ripples across water in a tub. These ripples are an example of a a. | rarefaction. | c. | compression. | b. | longitudinal wave. | d. | surface wave. | | | | |
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39.
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In an
earthquake, a P wave is a longitudinal wave. It moves through soil and rock as a a. | wavy
line. | b. | series of faults. | c. | series of
compressions and rarefactions. | d. | series of crests and troughs. | | |
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Figure
17-1
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40.
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Figure 17-1 shows a wave movement during 1 second. What is the frequency of this
wave? a. | 2
hertz | c. | 0.5
second | b. | 2 meters/second | d. | 1 hertz | | | | |
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41.
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To
determine the speed of a wave, you would use which of the following formulas? a. | speed =
frequency ´
amplitude | c. | speed =
wavelength ´ amplitude | b. | speed = wavelength ´ frequency | d. | speed = wavelength ´ period | | | | |
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42.
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To
what is amplitude related? a. | the amount of energy carried by the
wave | b. | the maximum
displacement from the rest position | c. | neither A nor B | d. | both A and
B | | |
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43.
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When
a wave strikes a solid barrier, it behaves like a basketball hitting a backboard. This wave behavior
is called a. | constructive
interference. | c. | refraction. | b. | diffraction. | d. | reflection. | | | | |
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44.
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How
does reflection differ from refraction and diffraction? a. | Reflection is
the only process in which the wave does not continue moving forward. | b. | Reflection is
the only process that involves a change in the wave. | c. | Reflection
affects all types of mechanical waves, but refraction and diffraction do
not. | d. | Reflection is
the only process that changes the direction of a wave. | | |
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45.
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For
refraction to occur in a wave, the wave must a. | strike an obstacle larger than the
wavelength. | b. | change direction within a medium. | c. | enter a new
medium at an angle. | d. | enter a new medium head-on. | | |
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46.
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In
refraction, when a wave travels from one medium to another, it a. | changes
speeds. | c. | always moves in
the same direction. | b. | stays in step. | d. | travels in the opposite direction. | | | | |
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47.
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What
is one property of a wave that determines how much it will diffract when it encounters an
obstacle? a. | speed | c. | polarization | b. | amplitude | d. | wavelength | | | | |
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48.
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Suppose two waves collide and the temporary combined wave that results is smaller than
the original waves. What term best describes this interaction? a. | diffraction | c. | standing wave
formation | b. | destructive interference | d. | constructive interference | | | | |
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49.
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The
formation of a standing wave requires a. | the traveling of a wave for a long
distance. | b. | constructive interference between two waves of slightly
different frequencies. | c. | that refraction and diffraction occur at the same time in a
wave. | d. | interference between incoming and reflected
waves. | | |
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50.
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A
sound wave is an example of a a. | transverse wave. | c. | standing wave. | b. | longitudinal
wave. | d. | surface
wave. | | | | |
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51.
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In
which medium does sound travel the fastest? a. | salt water | c. | air | b. | fresh water | d. | cast iron | | | | |
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52.
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A
piano, violin, or guitar uses the resonance of a wooden soundboard to a. | amplify the
sound. | c. | raise the
pitch. | b. | dampen the sound. | d. | limit standing waves. | | | | |
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53.
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An
ambulance siren sounds different as it approaches you than when it moves away from you. What
scientific term would you use to explain how this happens? a. | ultrasound | c. | rarefaction | b. | diffraction | d. | the Doppler effect | | | | |
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54.
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When
a sound source approaches you, the pitch you hear is a. | lower than when
the source is stationary. | b. | higher than when the source is
stationary. | c. | the same as when the source is
stationary. | d. | first higher and then lower than the pitch of the source when
stationary. | | |
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55.
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Electromagnetic waves vary in a. | the speed they travel in a vacuum. | b. | wavelength and
frequency. | c. | the way they reflect. | d. | the orientation
of their electric and magnetic fields. | | |
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56.
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To
calculate the frequency of an electromagnetic wave, you need to know the speed of the wave and
its a. | wavelength. | c. | refraction. | b. | intensity. | d. | amplitude. | | | | |
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57.
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Light
acts like a. | a
wave. | c. | both a wave and
a particle. | b. | a particle. | d. | neither a wave nor a particle. | | | | |
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58.
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Because light travels in a straight line and casts a shadow, Isaac Newton hypothesized
that light is a. | radiation. | c. | a
wave. | b. | a stream of particles. | d. | heat. | | | | |
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59.
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Photons travel outward from a light bulb in a. | a single
straight line. | c. | a small, dense
area. | b. | increasing intensity. | d. | all directions. | | | | |
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60.
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Which
of the following occurs as light travels farther from its source? a. | Far from the
source, photons come together in a small area. | b. | The intensity of
light increases as photons move away from the source. | c. | The source gives
off less light as photons move away from it. | d. | Far from the
source, photons spread over a larger area. | | |
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61.
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Infrared rays have a shorter wavelength than a. | ultraviolet
rays. | c. | radar
waves. | b. | X-rays. | d. | gamma rays. | | | | |
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62.
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The
full range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation is called a. | visible
light. | c. | the
electromagnetic spectrum. | b. | radio waves. | d. | invisible radiation. | | | | |
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63.
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The
waves with the longest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum are a. | infrared
rays. | c. | gamma
rays. | b. | radio waves. | d. | X-rays. | | | | |
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64.
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The
visible light spectrum ranges between a. | radar waves and X-rays. | b. | television waves
and infrared rays. | c. | infrared rays and ultraviolet rays. | d. | ultraviolet rays
and gamma rays. | | |
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65.
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Cellular telephones utilize a. | radar waves. | c. | very low frequency waves. | b. | very high
frequency waves. | d. | microwaves. | | | | |
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66.
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X-ray
photographs show softer tissue a. | as invisible. | b. | as dark, highly
exposed areas. | c. | the same as dense bones. | d. | as bright white
areas. | | |
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67.
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A
translucent material a. | scatters some light. | c. | absorbs all light. | b. | transmits all
light. | d. | reflects all
light. | | | | |
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68.
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In
order of increasing light-transmitting capabilities of materials, which is the correct
sequence? a. | transparent®opaque®translucent | b. | opaque®transparent®translucent | c. | opaque®translucent®transparent | d. | translucent®transparent®opaque | | |
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69.
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Which
of the following occurs as a light wave bends when it passes from one medium into
another? a. | constructive
interference | c. | destructive
interference | b. | refraction | d. | reflection | | | | |
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70.
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Polarized sunglasses work by a. | blocking light waves that vibrate in one
plane. | b. | gradually refracting light as it passes through the
lenses. | c. | bending light as it passes from air into the
lenses. | d. | reflecting most of the light that strikes the
sunglasses. | | |
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71.
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Newton’s prism experiments showed that white sunlight is made up
of a. | the full
electromagnetic spectrum. | b. | only blue light. | c. | all the colors
of the visible spectrum. | d. | only the longest wavelengths. | | |
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72.
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When
droplets of water in the atmosphere act like prisms, the colors in sunlight undergo a. | interference. | c. | polarization. | b. | absorption. | d. | dispersion. | | | | |
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73.
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What
an object is made of and the color of light that strikes it determine the a. | apparent color
of the object. | b. | transparency of the object. | c. | opacity of the
object. | d. | translucence of the object. | | |
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74.
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Blue
light and yellow light combine to produce white light because a. | they absorb each
other’s wavelengths. | b. | blue, yellow, and white are primary
colors. | c. | they are complementary colors of
light. | d. | they are both primary colors of
light. | | |
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75.
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The
primary colors of light are a. | green, blue, and black. | b. | cyan, magenta,
and yellow. | c. | red, yellow, and blue. | d. | blue, green, and
red. | | |
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76.
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The
primary colors of pigments a. | are cyan, yellow, and magenta. | b. | are the same as
the secondary colors of light. | c. | combine in equal amounts to produce
black. | d. | all of the above | | |
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77.
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An
incandescent light bulb produces light when electrons flow through the a. | air. | c. | filament. | b. | glass. | d. | vacuum. | | | | |
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78.
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Which
of the following is NOT true regarding neon lights? a. | Light is emitted
as electrons move through a gas in a tube. | b. | All neon lights are colored by the color of the
tubing. | c. | Neon lights may contain other gases, such as helium or
krypton. | d. | Each kind of gas produces its own distinctive
color. | | |
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79.
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Light
whose waves all have the same wavelength, direction, and coincidental peaks is
called a. | coherent
light. | c. | fluorescent
light. | b. | incandescent light. | d. | neon light. | | | | |
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80.
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Which
kind of light is used to carry information through optical fibers? a. | incandescent | c. | sodium-vapor
light | b. | fluorescent | d. | laser | | | | |
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Matching
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Use these terms to answer the next five questions. a. | less | d. | transverse | b. | translucent | e. | black | c. | infrared | | | | |
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81.
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Electromagnetic waves are _____ waves consisting of changing electric and magnetic
fields.
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82.
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Warm
objects give off more _____ radiation than cool objects give off.
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83.
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The
farther away you are from a light source, the _____ intense it appears.
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84.
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Objects that scatter some of the light that is transmitted through them are
_____.
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85.
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Combining equal amounts of the three primary pigments produces _____.
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Use these terms to answer the next five questions. a. | electrons | d. | vacuum | b. | transmits | e. | frequency | c. | gamma | | | | |
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86.
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Electromagnetic waves can travel through a(an) _____.
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87.
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Light
is produced when _____ change energy levels in an atom.
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88.
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Microwaves have a higher _____ than radio waves have.
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89.
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A
transparent object _____ almost all of the light that strikes it.
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90.
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The
electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths are _____ rays.
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Use these terms to answer the following five questions. a. | work | d. | potential | b. | joule | e. | mechanical | c. | mass | | | | |
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91.
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Energy that is stored due to position is called _____ energy.
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92.
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The
sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of an object is called its _____ energy.
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93.
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If
the _____ of an object doubles, its kinetic energy doubles.
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94.
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Energy of an object increases when _____ is done on the object.
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95.
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Energy and work are measured in the SI unit called the _____.
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Use these terms to answer the following five questions. a. | rarefactions | d. | surface | b. | energy | e. | longitudinal | c. | perpendicular | | | | |
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96.
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You
can make a wave in a rope by adding _____ at one end of the rope.
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97.
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Instead of crests and troughs, as in an ocean wave, a longitudinal wave has
compressions and _____.
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98.
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A
wave in a rope is a transverse wave, but a sound wave is a(an) _____ wave.
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99.
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Waves
in a rope are transverse waves because the medium’s vibration is _____ to the direction in which
the wave travels.
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100.
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A
pebble drops straight down into a tub of water, setting off _____ waves that travel at the boundary
between the water and air.
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Use the following terms to answer the next five questions. a. | wavelength | d. | rest
point | b. | frequency | e. | refraction | c. | amplitude | | | | |
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101.
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In a
transverse wave, _____ is measured from crest to crest or from trough to trough.
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102.
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A
wave entering a new medium at an angle will undergo _____ as one end of the wave changes
speed.
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103.
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To
determine the speed of a wave, you must know the wave’s wavelength and _____.
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104.
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Amplitude measures the greatest displacement of a wave from the _____.
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105.
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To
compare the energy of different waves, measure the _____ of the waves.
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Use these terms to answer the following five questions. a. | destructive | d. | doppler
effect | b. | node | e. | outer | c. | decibel | | | | |
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106.
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At
the _____ of a standing wave, there is no displacement from the rest position.
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107.
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When
a train streaks by blowing its whistle, the changing pitch you hear is due to _____.
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108.
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The
standard measure used to compare sound intensities is the _____.
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109.
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If
two waves collide and form a temporary smaller wave, the interference is _____.
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110.
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The
part of the ear that collects sound waves and focuses them inward is the _____ ear.
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